The study of the Al/SS, Ni/SS, Ti/SS and Ni/Al/SS composites fabricated by the method of low-temperature ion implantation of stainless steel (SS) is performed. The synthesized composites are studied with using the conventional X-ray analysis, X-ray analysis of thin films, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and sclerometric analysis. As shown, the structures formed on the surface of samples are amorphous for X-rays. Formation of the nanoscale layer of implant (coating) on the surface of the carrier (stainless steel) is demonstrated. The oxidation of the coating increases its thickness. Microgeometry of the surface of the samples depends on the used target metals and post-processing (reimplantation or oxidation). This fact is confirmed by optical microscopy, SEM, and AFM results. As found using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the implanted metals are included into the coating composition in the form of oxides, nitrides or oxinitrides. In this case, as a result of oxidation, the emission of nitrogen from the samples and the growth of film due to the concentration of oxide structures take place. The study of the mechanical strength of the samples by scratching of the surface using the indenter reveals that implantation of metals’ ions can increase the resistance of the coating to delamination by several times. Aspects of ion implantation as a technology for formation of durable nanoscale coatings based on stainless steel and for fabrication of new materials with improved physical, chemical, and mechanical characteristics are shown.