The influences of temperature-kinetic parameters on the morphology, dispersion, and gradient of their cast structure are studied using the example of castings of 30ХГС and У7Л steels obtained under the condition of directional cooling of their end surfaces during crystallization with different intensity of heat removal (5°C/s and 300°C/s), as well as on the length of the transcrystallization zone and its influence on the wear resistance in various sections of castings during abrasive wear. A regular increase in the length of the transcrystallization zone (zone of columnar crystals) is established, corresponding to an increase in the superheat temperature of the steel melt in the range of 50°С-150°С above the liquidus temperature and the cooling rate during the crystallization of castings. As shown, the maximum resistance to abrasive wear is observed during high-rate crystallization of castings and corresponds to an increase in the length of the transcrystallization zone in the cross-sections of samples oriented across the direction of heat removal and advancement of the crystallization front. Such anisotropy of the structure of the transcrystallization zone makes it possible to increase additionally the wear resistance by 13-18% and opens up new prospects for the engineering of cast products to improve their operational properties.