Issues »  Volume 48, Issue 2

Fabrication of MnBi Magnetic Phases Using Arc-Plasma Sintering: a Novel Approach for Intermetallic Systems

Ridwan$^{1}$, Azwar Manaf$^{2}$, Adel Fisli$^{1}$, Arbi Dimyati$^{1}$, Iwan Sumirat$^{1}$, Mujamilah$^{1}$, Ganisa Kurniati Suryaman$^{3}$, Grace Tj. Sulungbudi$^{1}$

$^{1}$Research Center for Nuclear Beam Analysis Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, KST B.J. Habibie Serpong, 15314 Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia
$^{2}$Department of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Indonesia, 16424 Depok, Indonesia
$^{3}$Research Center for Nuclear Material and Radioactive Waste Technology, KST B.J. Habibie Serpong, 15314 Tangerang Selatan, Indonesia

Received: 26.02.2025; final version - 02.07.2025. Download: PDF

This study explores a novel arc-plasma sintering method for fabrication of magnetic phases in the manganese–bismuth (MnBi) alloy system with a 1:1 atomic ratio. The arc-plasma technique provides an innovative approach to sintering the intermetallic systems with elements exhibiting significantly different melting points, such as Mn (1246°C) and Bi (271.4°C). By adjusting the distance between the sample and the plasma source, temperatures up to 1250°C are rapidly reached in an argon atmosphere. Post-sintering annealing at 240°C for 4 and 24 hours influences significantly the magnetic properties of the material. Characterization is conducted using scanning electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction, and a vibrating sample magnetometer. This study highlights the potential of arc-plasma sintering as an efficient method for producing MnBi-based permanent magnets, offering a sustainable alter-native to rare earth-based materials. The results demonstrate that optimizing the sintering process improves magnetic performance and enhances the structural integrity of the magnets. Further research into the microstructural transformations during annealing could provide valuable insights into the mechanisms driving these improvements.

Key words: arc-plasma sintering, MnBi, high-temperature sintering, permanent magnets, magnetic materials.

URL: https://mfint.imp.kiev.ua/en/abstract/v48/i02/0123.html

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.48.02.0123

PACS: 52.77.Fv, 68.37.Hk, 75.50.Ww, 75.60.-d, 81.05.Bx, 81.20.Ev, 81.40.Rs

Citation: Ridwan, Azwar Manaf, Adel Fisli, Arbi Dimyati, Iwan Sumirat, Mujamilah, Ganisa Kurniati Suryaman, and Grace Tj. Sulungbudi, Fabrication of MnBi Magnetic Phases Using Arc-Plasma Sintering: a Novel Approach for Intermetallic Systems, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 48, No. 2: 123–139 (2026)

REFERENCES
  1. M. J. Kramer, R. W. McCallum, I. A. Anderson, and S. Constantinides, JOM, 64: 752 (2012).
  2. O. Gutfleisch, M. A. Willard, E. Brück, C. H. Chen, S. G. Sankar, and J. P. Liu, Adv. Mater., 23, Iss. 7: 821(2011).
  3. X. Du and T. E. Graedel, J. Ind. Ecol., 15, Iss. 6: 836 (2011).
  4. Y. B. Yang, X. G. Chen, R. Wu, J. Z. Wei, X. B. Ma, J. Z. Han, H. L. Du, S. Q. Liu, C. S. Wang, Y. C. Yang, Y. Zhang, and J. B. Yang, J. Appl. Phys., 111, Iss. 7: 30 (2012).
  5. N. V. Rama Rao, A. M. Gabay, W. F. Li, and G. C. Hadjipanayis, J. Phys. D: Appl. Phys., 46: 265001 (2013).
  6. N. Van Vuong, Communications Phys., 29, No. 4: 441 (2019).
  7. A. Sarkar and A. Basu Mallick, JOM, 72: 2812 (2020).
  8. W. Xie, E. Polikarpov, J. P. Choi, M. E. Bowden, K. Sun, and J. Cui, J. Alloys Compd., 680: 1 (2016).
  9. S. Kim, H. Moon, H. Jung, S.-M. Kim, H.-S. Lee, H. Choi-Yim, and W. Lee, J. Alloys Compd., 708: 1245 (2017).
  10. T. Saito, R. Nishimura, and D. Nishio-Hamane, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 349: 9 (2014).
  11. Y. Yang, J. Park, J. T. Lim, J. W. Kim, O. L. Li, and C. J. Choi, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 517: 167344 (2020).
  12. C. Li, Y. Yang, S. Lu, Z. Xiang, L. Chen, N. X. Truong, H. Xu, and W. Lu, Mater. Res. Express, 11: 016520 (2024).
  13. J. B. Yang, K. Kamaraju, W. B. Yelon, W. J. James, Q. Cai, and A. Bollero, Appl. Phys. Lett., 79, Iss. 12: 1846 (2001).
  14. D.-T. Zhang, P.-F. Wang, M. Yue, W.-Q. Liu, J.-X. Zhang, J. A. Sundararajan, and Y. Qiang, Rare Metals, 35: 471 (2016).
  15. K. Y. Ko, S. J. Choi, S. K. Yoon, and Y. S. Kwon, J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 310, Iss. 2, Pt. 3: e887 (2007).
  16. O. Guillon, J. G. Julian, B. Dargatz, T. Kessel, G. Schierning, J. Räthel and M. Herrmann, Adv. Eng. Mater., 16, Iss. 7: 830 (2014).
  17. L. Weissitsch, S. Wurster, H. Krenn, and A. Bachmaier, Mater. Res. Lett., 12, Iss. 3: 226 (2024).
  18. X. Li, Y. Fautrelle, and Z. Ren, Acta Mater., 55, Iss. 16: 5333 (2007).
  19. P. Thongjumpa, T. Charoensuk, U. Boonyang, P. Harding, and C. Sirisathitkul, J. Cent. South Univ., 27: 2220 (2020).
  20. P. Fauchais and A. Vardelle, IEEE Trans. Plasma Sci., 25, Iss. 6: 1258 (1997).
  21. T. Iwao and T. Inaba, Vacuum, 65, Iss. 3–4: 299 (2002).
  22. H. Xie, N. Liu, Q. Zhang, H. Zhong, L. Guo, X. Zhao, D. Li, S. Liu, Z. Huang, A. D. Lele, A. H. Brozena, X. Wang, K. Song, S. Chen, Y. Yao, M. Chi, W. Xiong, J. Rao, M. Zhao, M. N. Shneider, J. Luo, J.-C. Zhao, Y. Ju, and L. Hu, Nature, 623: 964 (2023).
  23. J. Zamora, I. Betancourt, and I. A. Figueroa, Revista Mexicana de Física, 64, No. 2: 141 (2018).
  24. J. Zamora, I. Betancourt, and I. A. Figueroa, J. Supercond. Nov. Magn., 31: 873 (2018).
  25. P. Heitjans and J. Kärger, Diffusion in Condensed Matter: Methods, Materials, Models (Heidelberg: Springer: 2005).
  26. J. Cao, Y. L. Huang, Y. H. Hou, G. Q. Zhang, Z. Q. Shi, Z. C. Zhong, and Z. W. Liu, AIP Adv., 8: 055132 (2018).

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
© 1979 “G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine”