The article is devoted to the possibility of using production waste with various types of binder in order to obtain new composite materials with improved functional properties. The article presents the results of experiments on obtaining new materials based on wastes of silicon and metallurgical industries—microsilica powder and zinc ash using metal (liquid tin) and non-metal (liquid glass) as binders. State diagrams during the interaction of these components, properties and microfractography of samples of fabricated materials are obtained, reviewed and analysed. The influence of binders on the strength properties of the matrix of the obtained composite materials is revealed. The resulting material of the metal–non-metal system has increased values of strength properties.