The effect of temperature and content of the main $\alpha$-stabilizers of the structure on the elasticity module and the cyclic strength of heat-resistant titanium alloys are investigated. The alloys are obtained in the electron-beam foundry based on the vacuum induction furnace and are cleaned at $\alpha$–$\beta$ transformations. The total degree of deformation of the material is of 94–96%. To compare the results with known data, known heat-resistant titanium alloy ВТ25У and a high-strength alloy of ВТ6 are investigated. The module of elasticity is determined at longitudinal and bending resonant vibrations in the temperature range from 20 to 820°C, and the curves of multicycle fatigue at bending are plotted at temperatures of 20 and 650°C at a load frequency of about 2 kHz. It is assumed that the physical meanings of the interrelated characteristics of cyclic strength and elasticity are different and, therefore, require separate considerations depending on the temperature and the composition of the main alloying chemical elements. We compare the temperature dependences of elasticity and the dependences of the modulus of elasticity on the weight content of aluminium and on the aluminium equivalent with similar dependences for the endurance limit. The correlation between the indicators and the slopes of the known temperature dependences of the modulus of elasticity and the endurance limit is revealed. Based on this, approximate convex dependences of the endurance limit on temperature are carried out. This makes it possible to compare known and obtained results for fatigue of heat-resistant titanium alloys. As shown, at a temperature of 600°C, the data for the experimental alloy 2Т85-3 with a high content of silicon coincide with the values of multicycle fatigue for the known alloy ВТ41. As established, the dependence of the endurance limit on the aluminium equivalent at 20°C is more accurate in comparison with these dependences on aluminium.