The crystal and electronic structures of SiO$_{2}$/$\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ mixtures are analysed using X-ray diffraction and ultra-soft X-ray emission spectroscopy. The energy redistributions of the Fesрd, Sisp, and Op valence electrons due to changes in the mass ratio (20/80, 50/50, 80/20) of SiO$_{2}$ and $\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ in the mixtures are studied. The ultra-soft FeL$_{\alpha}$, SiL$_{\alpha}$, and OK$_{\alpha}$ X-ray emission spectra of SiO$_{2}$/$\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ mixtures are compared with those of individual iron oxide and silica powders. Interatomic interactions of surface atoms of adjacent particles occur owing to high local pressures and temperatures under mechanical treatment of the composition. Electrons’ transfer from silicon cations to oxygen anions is observed as a result of the mechanical activation of SiO$_{2}$/$\alpha$-Fe$_{2}$O$_{3}$ mixtures.