Issues »  Volume 47, Issue 8

The Potential of Titanium-Alloys’ Manufacturing with Metal Injection Moulding Approach Using Various Powder Feedstocks

O. M. Ivasishin$^{1}$, D. G. Savvakin$^{1}$, O. D. Rud$^{1}$, D. V. Oryshych$^{1}$, I. M. Kirian$^{1}$, A. M. Lakhnik$^{1}$, V. I. Bondarchuk$^{1}$, B. Kronowetter$^{2}$, Yu. I. Torba$^{3}$, V. G. Manzhos$^{3}$

$^{1}$G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics, N.A.S. of Ukraine, 36 Academician Vernadsky Blvd., UA-03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
$^{2}$KRONOWETTER Kunststoff- und Metalltechnik GmbH, Gewerbestrasse 32, Mitterfelden, D-83404 Germany
$^{3}$JSC ‘Ivchenko-Progress’, 2 Ivanova Str., UA-69068 Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine

Received: 16.06.2025; final version - 01.07.2025. Download: PDF

Two types of powder feedstocks based on pre-alloyed Ti–6Al–4V powder and blend of TiH2 + Al–V powders (Ti–3Al–2V total composition) are comparatively studied to evaluate the conditions ensuring formation of promising microstructure and characteristics of titanium-alloy products with the metal-injection moulding (MIM) approach. Microstructure evolution on feedstock-compaction stage, debinding and vacuum sintering of powder compacts is studied to determine main features of powder-compact transformation into bulk titanium alloys. Sintering of debinded powders starts at 800°C; dehydrogenated TiH2-based compacts demonstrate more active sintering owing to useful effect of hydrogen as temporary alloying element. Similar nearly dense (6% pores) and uniform alloy microstructure is formed in the depth of both sintered-powder compacts, while surface layers contain disperse Ti–O–C titanium-oxycarbide particles due to reaction of titanium matrix and binder remnants. Despite presence of oxycarbides useful for improvement of surface hardness and wear resistance, it suggests optimization of debinding regimes. Hardness values of sintered alloys (of 304–308 HV) allow recommendation of MIM approach as promising one for manufacturing titanium-based products possessing sufficient mechanical characteristics.

Key words: metal injection moulding (MIM), titanium alloys, powder, binder, sintering, microstructure, mechanical properties.

URL: https://mfint.imp.kiev.ua/en/abstract/v47/i08/0891.html

DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/mfint.47.08.0891

PACS: 61.43.Gt, 61.72.Dd, 61.72.Ff, 81.05.Bx, 81.20.Ev, 81.20.Hy, 83.50.Uv

Citation: O. M. Ivasishin, D. G. Savvakin, O. D. Rud, D. V. Oryshych, I. M. Kirian, A. M. Lakhnik, V. I. Bondarchuk, B. Kronowetter, Yu. I. Torba, and V. G. Manzhos, The Potential of Titanium-Alloys’ Manufacturing with Metal Injection Moulding Approach Using Various Powder Feedstocks, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 47, No. 8: 891–906 (2025)

REFERENCES
  1. G. Lutjering and J. C. Williams, Titanium (Springer: 2007).
  2. Titanium Powder Metallurgy: Science, Technology and Application (Eds. Ma Qian and F. H. Froes) (Elsevier: 2015).
  3. R. M. German, Handbook of Metal Injection Molding (Ed. D. F. Heaney) (Woodhead Publishing: 2012), p. 1.
  4. F. T. Teferi and A. A. Tsegaw, Advances of Science and Technology (Ed. M. L. Berihun) (Springer: 2022), p. 309.
  5. I Putu Widiantara, Rosy Amalia Kurnia Putri, Da In Han, Warda Bahanan, Eun Hye Lee, Chang Hoon Woo, Jee-Hyun Kang, Jungho Ryu, and Young Gun Ko, Materials, 16, Iss. 6: 2516 (2023).
  6. S. Dong, G. Ma, P. Lei, T. Cheng, D. Savvakin, and O. Ivasishin, Adv. Powder Technol., 32, Iss. 7: 2300 (2021).
  7. B. Wang, D. Savvakin, and O. Ivasishin, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 808: 140908 (2021).
  8. Materials Properties Handbook: Titanium Alloys (Eds. R. Boyer, G. Welsh, and E. W. Collings) (ASM International: 1994).
  9. www.polymim.com
  10. O. M. Ivasishin, D. G. Savvakin, M. M. Gumenyak, and A. B. Bondarchuk, Key Eng. Mater., 520: 121 (2012).
  11. M. Qian, Int. J. Powder Metallurgy, 46, Iss. 5: 29 (2010).
  12. O. M. Ivasishin, D. G. Savvakin, O. D. Rud, D. V. Oryshych, I. M. Kirian, A. M. Lakhnik, V. I. Bondarchuk, B. Kronowetter, Yu. I. Torba, and V. G. Manzhos, Metallofiz. Noveishie Tekhnol., 47, No. 4: 391 (2025).
  13. D. Zuili, V. Maurice, and P. Marcus, J. Electrochem. Soc., 147: 1393 (2000).
  14. X. Zhang, H. Deng, S. Xiao, Z. Zhang, J. Tang, L. Deng, and W. Hu, J. Alloys Compd., 588: 163 (2014).

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License
© 1979 “G. V. Kurdyumov Institute for Metal Physics of the N.A.S. of Ukraine”