In order to establish multifactorial empirical energy models of low-frequency ($E_{НЧК}$) and toothed ($E_{ЗК}$) oscillations of the dynamic component of the torque on the bit, experimental studies are conducted at the stand of the Ivano-Frankivsk National State University of Oil and Gas, using the method of rational planning of experiments. According to this method, the combination of variable factors, which include the axial static load $F_{ст}$, bit rotation frequency $n$, stiffness $C$, and damping coefficient $\beta$ of the drilling tool, occurs only once. The studied parameter is the amplitude value of the dispersion (energy) at local maxima, which are fixed on the low-frequency and jagged fluctuations of the spectral density (energy spectrum) of the internal structure of the dynamic component. General multidimensional functions are represented by the product of individual dependences on variable factors: $E_{НЧК} = B_{ср}f(n)f(F_{ст})f(C)f(\beta)$ and $E_{ЗК} = B_{ср}f(n)f(F_{ст})f(C)f(\beta)$, where $B_{ср}$ is the average value of the numerical coefficient for the set of all experiments. Constant factors during the planned experiment are both the type and the diameter of the three-layer bit and the consumption of flushing fluid (water). The planned factorial experiment is carried out in blocks of sandstone of the Horodyshche strata with a stamp hardness of 1440 MPa. According to the results of the experiment, the equations of multifactor empirical models of energy $E_{НЧК}$ and $E_{ЗК}$ fluctuations of the dynamic component of the torque on the bit are constructed, and the influence of external independent factors on this energy is analysed.