Structural-phase changes and wear of the gas-flame coating of Ni–Cr–B–Si–C system on steel 1045 are investigated experimentally under conditions of its intense deformation by the friction with a shear component of the load in the transmission oil. Using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray structural-phase analysis, the morphology, microstructure, phase and chemical compositions of the Ni–Cr–B–Si–C coating are investigated before and after tribological tests. As found, under conditions of the applied normal (250 MPa) and shear ($P_{\textrm{SH}}$ = 30–50 MPa (20%)) stresses in the contact zone the Ni–Cr–B–Si–C coating exhibits a twice higher wear resistance as compared to the base material (steel 1045). The main factors for increasing the wear resistance and reducing the friction work of the coating Ni–Cr–B–Si–C is the presence of the uniformly dispersed particles of Ni and Cr borides, Cr carbides, and Ni silicides in the nanostructured Ni-based solid solution matrix. The increase in tribotechnical characteristics of the friction-strengthened layer of Ni–Cr–B–Si–C coating is also due to its saturation with the elements from medium and oil (carbon, phosphorus).