The interconsistently atomic and magnetic short-range orderings in binary substitutional alloys with strong electron-electron correlations are investigated at $T$ = 0 K by the coherent potential method based on cluster expansion for the Green's function of a disordered system in the framework of the one-band Hubbard model. The magnetic (MPD) and atomic (APD) phase diagrams in $U–n$ variables (potential of the Coulomb repulsion–electron concentration) in the semi-elliptic model for the initial density of electronic states are constructed in the case of equal concentrations of the b.c.c.-alloy components. As determined, at values of $U$, exceeding one for an upper bound of the paramagnetic phase appearance, in central part of MPD (near $n$ = 1) the static fluctuations of the charge and spin densities lead to a difference in the values of electron concentrations and magnetic moments on atoms of different types, which contributes to suppression of the atomic order (promotes the atomic separation). In the paramagnetic region with moving away $n$ = 1, the atomic ordering is suppressed due to an increasing of a difference between the values of the electron concentrations on atoms of various types only and phase separation is observed according to the Hume-Rothery rules. The magnetic subsystem of the alloy, as in the case of one-component systems and completely atomically disordered alloys, retains a tendency to realization of antiferromagnetic order in the central part of the MPD (near $n$ = 1). However, the boundaries of the magnetic phases are shifted due to influence of atomic ordering, breaking the electron-hole symmetry of the MPD, which is characteristic of one-component systems.