The structure formation and properties of the surface layers of steel parts after alloying by traditional technologies and the method of electrospark alloying (ESA) is analysed in the article. As a result of the study of the productivity of the ESA process by aluminium electrode-tool, which is one of the important parameters of the ESA technology, reserves are revealed for improving the quality of the surface layers of steel parts during aluminizing. Two options for reducing productivity in relation to the traditional are studied: the first one, when productivity is reduced by $\cong$ 2 times; the second one, when performance is reduced by $\cong$ 4 times. As established, in the first variant, when the discharge energy increases from 0.52 to 6.8 J, at the first stage of aluminizing of steel 20 and steel 40, the thickness of the ‘white’ layer from 20 to 75 and from 25 to 110 $\mu$m, respectively; the thickness of the diffusion zone increases from 35 to 120 and from 40 to 140 $\mu$m, respectively; the microhardness of the ‘white layer’ increases from 2200 to 7400 and from 2400 to 7450 MPa, respectively; the surface roughness $Ra$ increases from 1.1 to 9.0 and from 1.0 to 8.1 $\mu$m, respectively, and the continuity increases from 80 to 100% starting with $Wp$ = 4.6 J and from 60 to 100% at $Wp$ = 6.8 J. In the second variant, when the discharge energy increases from 0.52 to 6.8 J, at the first stage of processing steel 20 and steel 40, the thickness of the ‘white’ layer increases for steel 20 from 25 to 60 $\mu$m at $Wp$ = 4.6 J, and then it doesn’t change for steel 40 from 30 to 100 $\mu$m; the thickness of the diffusion zone increases from 45 to 130, respectively; the microhardness of the ‘white layer’ increases from 2250 to 7300 and from 2450 to 7300 MPa, respectively; the surface roughness $Ra$ increases from 1.3 to 9.0 and from 1.6 to 8.1 $\mu$m, respectively, and the continuity for both steel 20 and steel 40 at $Wp$ = 0.52 J is of 95% and further increases to 100%.